Medicine has come a long way—but its past still shapes the present. This thought-provoking panel explores the troubling legacy of eugenics in medicine and its enduring impact on healthcare ethics. Matthew K. Wynia, MD, MPH and Patricia Herberer-Rice, PhD, MA, will discuss how misguided “science” once justified harm, and how those historical practices influenced the medical education, policy, and the ethical frameworks that guide contemporary care. Through critical reflection, the discussion will highlight lessons for today’s clinicians and researchers, emphasizing the importance of equity, autonomy, and justice in medical decision-making.